What is Cat-5 Cable?sometimes called Ethernet cable,is short for Category5 cable

Cat-5 cable, sometimes called Ethernet cable, is short for Category 5 cable, a current industry standard for network and telephone wiring. Cat-5 cable is unshielded wire containing four pairs of 24-gauge twisted copper pairs, terminating in an RJ-45 jack. If a wire is certified as Cat-5 and not just a twisted pair wire, it will have "Cat-5" printed on the shielding.

The outer sheath of Cat-5 cable can come in many colors, with bright blue being quite common. Inside, the twisted pairs are also sheathed in plastic with a standard color scheme: Solid orange, blue, green and brown wires twisted around mates that are white and striped with a solid color. The twisted pairs inside a Cat-5 cable reduce interference and crosstalk, and should be left twisted except at the termination point. Some experts recommend untwisting only ?inch (12.7 mm) of the pairs to strip and make connections. Cat-5 cable can be purchased off a spool in varying lengths, or bought pre-cut to standard lengths with RJ-45 jacks already attached.

Cat-5 cable replaces Cat-3 cable, which could only carry data at speeds up to 10 megabits per second (mbps), while Cat-5 cable supports data speeds of 100 mbps or more. A standard Cat-5 cable can also reach 300 feet (100 meters), and aside from networks and telephones it can be used for many other purposes. Cat-5e is enhanced Cat-5 cable that supports 1000 mbps or gigabit Ethernet, or it can be used with 100 Base-T networks for long-distance runs of 1150 feet (350 meters). This type of Cat-5 cable meets a specific standard referred to as "EIA/TIA 568A-5," which should be stamped on the outer sheath.

Among Cat-5 cables, there are three different configurations for pinouts, or wiring of the RJ-45 connectors. Various network devices utilize one of the three types of pinouts. The three pinouts are referred to as straight through, crossover and roll-over.

The Cat-5 cable that runs from a computer to a switch will be a straight through cable, for example. If two PCs or two switches are connected, the Cat-5 crossover cable would be used. Finally, a Cat-5 roll-over cable will connect a PC to a router. More recent devices, however, can detect the type of Cat-5 cable being used and route signals accordingly.

Cat-5 cable is available everywhere wiring is sold, including electronics shops, home improvement centers, and computer outlets. It is also widely available online. Note that a newer Cat-6 cable will eventually replace Cat-5, having twice the bandwidth.

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