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1.7 EXTRUDED DIELECTRIC POWER CABLES - 无图版
appleseden --- 2016-11-10 10:06:49
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软件翻译不评分！！！
近期翻译的都是关于电缆的发展史，国内相关的资料比较少，在此分享给大家。
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1.7 EXTRUDED DIELECTRIC POWER CABLES
Theuse of natural and synthetic polymers for industrial applications (during andafter World War II) led to this technology being applied for cable insulation;in contrast to paper-insulated cables, these polymers could be extruded.Natural rubber was used first and synthetic rubber followed; as developmentscontinued, butyl rubber became a material of choice for cable insulation for awhile. Further developments led to newer synthetic elastomeric (rubbery)polymers, such as Neoprene (1931), chloroprene, and Hypalon (1951). The newerpolymers, as they were developed, facilitated improvements in processing orproperties (e.g., longer term reliability on aging, or flame resistance) andall were used concurrently depending on the application. Ethylene-propylenepolymers (EPR) were employed in the 1960s as replacement for butyl rubber, buttheir usage, while steady, did not increase until the 1980s. It is to be notedthat improvement in the insulation properties of elastomers was related notonly to the polymer itself but also to the nature of the additives used.
High molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE), which is not anelastomer, was extrudable and its development (starting in 1941) triggered adramatic change in the insulation of cables for the transmission anddistribution of electrical energy. Thermoplastic polyethylene was actuallyintroduced during World War II for high-frequency cable insulation. By 1947,HMWPE was furnished as 15 kV cable insulation. Wide usage began with theadvent of URD systems in the early 1960s. In the mid-1960s, conventional HMWPEwas the material of choice for the rapidly expanding URD systems in the UnitedStates. It was superior to butyl rubber for electrical properties and moistureresistance. These cables were used as loop circuits for #2 and #1/0 AWG cables.The domination of polyethylene lasted until the mid-1970s.
Furtherdiscussion of the more modern insulation materials such as HMWPE, cross-linkedpolyethylene (XLPE), and EPR is in Chapter 5, “Electrical InsulationMaterials.”
Munger --- 2016-11-10 10:57:26
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1.7电力电缆挤出绝缘
二战后，天然和人造聚合物应用于电缆行业，促进了挤出工艺的发展。首先，天然橡胶用于电缆行业，然后是人造橡胶，这些聚合物都是可以挤出的。随后，丁基橡胶成为了电缆绝缘料的选择。更进一步的发展，研制出了人造弹性体聚合物，如1931年的氯丁（二烯）橡胶，氯丁二烯，和1951年的海帕伦。这些新的聚合物，在产品工艺和产品特性（如老化和耐火）上的都有了极大的改善。同时这些特性也被用在了各种不同的特定场合。20世纪60年代开发了EPR，用于取代丁基橡胶。但是直到20世纪80年代，才开始稳步应用。这也标志着，绝缘材料的性能不仅是由绝缘料本身的特性所决定的，同时也受添加剂影响。
高分子量聚乙烯，并不是弹性体，但是仍然可以挤出，它的发展给输配电领域带来了神奇的改变。在二战后，热塑性的聚乙烯被应用于高频电能的输配电。到1947年，高分子量聚乙烯用作15kV电缆的绝缘。20世纪60年代开，随着地下住宅输配电系统的发展，高分子量聚也随之同步发展。在20世纪60年代中期，在美国，高分子量聚乙烯也成为了迅速开发地下住宅输配电系统的必然选择。高分子量聚乙烯在电性能和耐湿性能上要优于丁基橡胶。这些绝缘被用在AWG #2和ＡＷＧ＃１/０号导体上。它的统治地位一直待续到２０世纪７０年代。
关于ＨＭＷＰＥ,XLPE,和EPR，更进一步的讨论，将在第5章“电介质绝缘料”进行讨论。
［Munger 在 2016-11-10 10:57:51 编辑过］